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Airway remodeling is an important pathological basis of asthma， and also the main reason for the difficulty in asthma therapy. By referring to the experimental reports on the treatment of airway remodeling in asthma with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in recent years， the authors comprehensively analyzed the effect of TCM on proteins related to airway remodeling in asthma， and it was found that TCM could regulate the signal pathway related proteins （such as transforming growth factor-β1/Smads， extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Wnt/β-catenin）， structural proteins （such as α-smooth muscle actin， collagen， osteopontin and fibrin） and gene regulatory proteins （such as matrix metalloproteinase-9， vascular endothelial growth factor， B lymphoma cell-2 related X protein）， and participate in the regulation of airway remodeling signaling pathway， tissue structure homeostasis and gene expression， so as to inhibit airway remodeling in asthma. In conclusion， TCM can improve the pathological morphology of airway remodeling and delay the progress of airway remodeling by controlling the corresponding proteins. At present， however， a lot of studies are limited to single Chinese herbal or TCM extract in animal experiments， and there is a lack of clinical research. It is suggested to establish a systematic and multi-level study on the mechanism of TCM for treating airway remodeling in asthma based on the theory of TCM， so as to provide a better reference for clinical practice.
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In order to effectively solve the over-processing problem of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata, which was commonly used as a hemostatic drug in clinical application, we used the quantitative analysis method of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) in this study, with quercetin as internal reference to simultaneously determine the content of six flavonoids which can be used to control the internal quality of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata. Based on the comparison of QAMS and external standard method(ESM) results, the limit standards of contents were established as follows: isoquercitroside ≥0.002 0%, quercitroside ≥0.050%, quercetin ≥0.030%, kaempferol and amentoflavone both ≥0.010%, hinokiflavone ≥0.050%. Based on the color detection of Platycladi Cacumen and Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata with different processing degrees, the law of influence of different processing degrees on the color of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata was found. A new external quality standard of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata was established by fitting curve of color recognition for the external quality control, based on which the standard ranges of ΔL~*, Δb~* and ΔE were-50.00--44.00, 6.00-11.00 and 45.00-50.00 respectively. Effective combination of established internal and external quality control standards by this study can be used to evaluate the processing degree and quality of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata more comprehensively and objectively, which can guarantee its clinical efficacy. At the same time, this study also provides reference and basis for further improving the quality control standard of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Flavonoids , Hemostatics , Quality ControlABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#The aim of this study was to analyze the mediating effect of body dissatisfaction in correlation between obesity and dietary behavior changes for weight loss (DBCWL).@*METHODS@#A total of 680 primary and middle school students were included in this study. Their body height, weight, and waistline were effectively measured, and they were also evaluated to assess their body dissatisfaction, perception of dietary behaviors, and DBCWL. The correlation among these factors was analyzed using mediating effect models.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity was significantly higher in males than in females (P < 0.05). Overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, and body dissatisfaction significantly increased the risk for DBCWL (OR = 2.57, 2.77, and 1.95, respectively). Overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity significantly increased the risk for body dissatisfaction (OR = 6.00 and 4.70, respectively). Significant mediating effects of body dissatisfaction were observed in correlation between overweight/obesity and DBCWL and between abdominal obesity and DBCWL (OR = 2.20 and 1.92, respectively; P < 0.05), and the proportions of mediating effects among the total effects were 48.89% and 46.60%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Body dissatisfaction might play an important mediating effect in association between DBCWL and obesity, which indicates that guiding children to correctly recognize their body might be more conducive than promoting obese children toward weight loss through dietary behavior changes.
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Objective: To investigate the quality of Platycladi Cacumen carbonisata pieces in the market,then to explore control standard of "carbonizing retains characteristics" of Platycladi Cacumen.Method: The properties,water content and alcohol extract content of commercial Platycladi Cacumen carbonisata pieces were determined by the method in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Thin layer chromatography(TLC) identification of quercetin and contents of quercetin and quercitin were determined.Result: The carbonizing degree of 9 batches of Platycladi Cacumen carbonisata pieces were heavier than which is specified in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The conditions of TLC identification in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia should be revised to avoid stratification;the carbonizing degree could affect the contents of quercetin and quercitin in Platycladi Cacumen carbonisata pieces;the simultaneous detection of quercetin and quercitin can be used as one of the quality control indexes of this carbonisata pieces.Conclusion: Most of commercial Platycladi Cacumen carbonisata pieces have the quality problem of excessive carbonizing degree,the established quality control standard of "carbonizing retains characteristics" can be used to effectively ensure the quality of Platycladi Cacumen carbonisata pieces.
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The genus Actaea plants are widely distributed in China, and the cycloartane triterpenoids are the characteristic constituents of this genus. They are divided into types of cimigenol, hydroshengmanol, shengmanol, cimiacerogenin, acteol, 16, 23-diketo, foetidonol, dahurinol, etc. Cycloartane triterpenoids show many biological activities, such as cytotoxicity, anti-osteoporosis, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-nucleoside transport, neuroprotective, anti-oxidant, antibacterial activities. The present paper reviewed the distribution of the plant resources of Actaea, chemical structures and biological activities of cycloartane triterpenoids, aiming to provide a reference for the further research in the future.
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Actaea , Chemistry , China , Phytochemicals , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Triterpenes , Chemistry , PharmacologyABSTRACT
AIM To investigate the effect of β-cyclodextrin-assisted extraction on Cassiae Semen.METHODS The chemical constituents in aqueous extract and β-cyclodextrin extract determined and analyzed by UPLC and principal component analysis had their antioxidant activities tested by six methods (protective effects on lipid peroxidation injuries induced by spontaneous liver,CCl4,H2 O2,FeSO4-vitamin C,and scavenging effects on DPPH,hydroxyl free radicals).RESULTS Compared with aqueous extract,the component content and antioxidant activity of β-cyclodextrin extract were increased by 10.476％ and 80.88％,respectively.CONCLUSION β-Cyclodextrin can effectively enhance the component extraction rate and antioxidant activity of Cassiae Semen.
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Objective To analyze the selective extraction effect of six various cyclodextrins (α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, methylated-β-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin, and carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin) on components in Chinese patent medicine Compound Xuezhining (XZN), and to establish functional equation of selective extraction effect of cyclodextrin on different chemical ingredients. Methods The chemical ingredients in each cyclodextrin extract of XZN were detected by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprints, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to analyze the peak areas of known chemical ingredients in all samples. The structural parameters of the known components in XZN were calculated and inquired using computer aided analysis to analyze the selective extraction effect of various cyclodextrins on components. 1stOpt pro1.5 was applied to establish functional equation of selective extraction effect of cyclodextrin on chemical ingredients with different structures. Results Different extracts of XZN were distinguished effectively via PCA, and most discriminant variables for different extraction methods were obtained simultaneously. Various cyclodextrins have similar trends of selective extraction effect on components, and have different extraction effects for molecule with different properties. The functional equation between the extraction capacity of various cyclodextrins and the structural properties of the constituents was established, and the correlation coefficient is good (r > 0.86). Conclusion Different types of cyclodextrins have a selective extraction effect on the compound in XZN, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection and application of cyclodextrin and its derivatives in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Chemometrics is a new cross discipline based on computer and modern technology. It has been widely used in the research of Chinese materia medica (CMM) identification, qualitative characterization, quality control, and group-effect relationship, especially in quality control and evaluation of CMM. In this paper, the application and progress of chemical pattern recognition methods in chemometrics for quality control of CMM in recent years are reviewed. Two unsupervised pattern recognition methods (cluster analysis and principal component analysis) and four supervised pattern recognition methods (soft independent modeling of class analogy, partial least-squares discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and artificial neural network) are described. This paper reviews application of chemical pattern recognition in quality control of CMM from different aspects, including growing areas, herbal origin, processing, identification of the authenticity, etc.
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AIM: To analyze the electronic product use time, writing time, playing piano time and outdoor activity time and the distribution of myopia in 586 cases of school age children in our hospital. ·METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 586 cases of children aged 6 to 12 years old in the outpatient department was established. Personalized files were used to record the uncorrected visual acuity, optometry, slit lamp, fundus mirror and strabismus. The cumulative use time of electronic products ( including computer, mobile phone, iPad) , writing time, whether to play the piano and outdoor activities time with the eye situation were recorded. Statistical analysis of the age group of myopia, the cumulative use of electronic age in different age groups, writing time, whether playing piano and outdoor activities and the distribution of myopia occurred. · RESULTS: ( 1 ) With the increasing of age, the distribution of uncorrected eyesight was in children mostly mild myopia, and the proportion of mild myopia was significantly higher than that of moderate and high myopia. ( 2 ) Electronic products use time distribution:the proportion of playing electronic products ( including mobilephone, computers, iPad) accounted for 76. 8%, of which 9 years old, 10 years old the cumulative use of electronic products with a long time was higher than other age groups. ( 3 ) Distribution of writing time: the proportion of write homework ≤1h was significantly lower than the proportion of writing homework > 1h (37. 2% vs 62. 8%), of which 9 and 10 years old children cumulative write time was higher than other age group. ( 4 ) Distribution of playing the piano: the proportion of playing piano time less than 1h was significantly higher than the proportion of playing piano time more than 1h ( 89. 1% vs 10. 9%). ( 5 ) Distribution of outdoor activities: the proportion of outdoor activities ≤1h in children at school age was significantly higher than that of outdoor activities > 1h (91. 8% vs 8. 9%). ·CONCLUSION: With the age exposure to electronic products becoming younger, heavy learning tasks and less outdoor activities, myopia occurred in advance of age. So health examination and eye guidance, reducing the amount of work appropriately, increasing outdoor activities will slow the development of early childhood myopia.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influence of secular trends in body height and weight on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese children and adolescents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data were obtained from five cross-sectional Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health. Overweight/obesity was defined as BMI-for-age Z-score of per the Wold Health Organization (WHO) reference values. Body height and weight for each sex and age were standardized to those reported in 1985 (standardized height: SHY; standardized weight: SWY) and for each sex and year at age 7 (standardized height: SHA; standardized weight: SWA) using the Z-score method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of overweight/obesity in Chinese children was 20.2% among boys and 10.7% among girls in 2010 and increased continuously from 1985 to 2010. Among boys and girls of normal weight, SHY and SHA were significantly greater than SWY and SWA, respectively (P < 0.001). Among boys and girls with overweight/obesity, SHY was significantly lower than SWY (P < 0.001), and showed an obvious decreasing trend after age 12. SHA was lower than SWA among overweight boys aged 7-8 years and girls aged 7-9 years. SHY/SHW and SHA/SWA among normal-weight groups were greater than among overweight and obese groups (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The continuous increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Chinese children may be related to a rapid increase in body weight before age 9 and lack of secular increase in body height after age 12.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Body Height , Body Weight , China , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Overweight , Epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity , Epidemiology , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Objective: To develop and validate an LC-MS/MS method for determination of progesterone in rat plasma. Methods: Plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction with a mixture of n-hexane/dichloromethane/isopropanol (100:50:5, V/V/V). Isocratic chromatographic separation was performed on a Hypersil ODS column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm, Thermo). The mobile phase was methanol-water (75:25, V/V). Detection of progesterone and the internal standard (IS) megestrol acetate was achieved by ESI MS/MS in the positive ion mode using m/z 315.4→ m/z(97.0 + 109.2) and m/z 385.4→ m/z 267.4 transitions, respectively. Results: The method was linear from 0.5 to 200 ng/ml when 100 μl plasma was analyzed. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 ng/ml. Both the inter- and intra-day precision values were below 6.7%, and the accuracy (relative error) was within ±6.2% in all quality control samples. Conclusion: The method provides a specific, sensitive and rapid means for the determination of progesterone in rat plasma, and completely meets the requirements for pharmacokinetic study.
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The main problems and solutions of mineral drugs in clinical use were studied based on the investigation on the quality of Haematitum and Fluoritum pieces in venalicium. The outward appearance and intrinsic quality of Haematitum and Fluoritum pieces in venalicium were studied by the requires which were in the first part of Chinese Pharmacopoeia published in 2010. The outward appearance and intrinsic quality of mineral drugs had large differences, the disqualification rate was 41.67% in 12 batches of Haematitum pieces and the disqualification rate was 53.85% in 13 batches of Fluoritum pieces. The crushing granularity of mineral drugs should be defined, the quality standards should be further improved. The drug adiministration ought to strengthen inspection and supervision in order to ensure the stability and reliability of the clinical efficacy.
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Reference Standards , Minerals , Reference Standards , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), because of its good targeting, minimal invasion, and safety, is becoming a very active area in cancer prevention and treatment, in which the photosensitizers have proved to be the core element for PDT. We developed a new HPLC method for analyzing porphyrin photosensitizers using Shiseido Capcell PAK C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) as the column at 30 °C, methanol-1% aqueous solution of acetic acid as the mobile phase in a flow rate of 1.0 mL · min(-1) in a gradient elution mode, and the detection wavelength at 380 nm. This method, showing good specificity, precision, accuracy and robusty via methodology validations, can be applied to the purity test and assay of porphyrin photosensitizers, and has played a key guide role in the R&D of the new porphyrin photosensitizer--sinoporphyrin sodium.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Photochemotherapy , Photosensitizing Agents , Chemistry , Porphyrins , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the effective fractions of charred Sanguisorbae Radix. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Results: Five compounds were isolated and identified as 3β-hydroxy-28-norurs-17,19,21-trien (1), 3β-hydroxy-28-norurs-12,17-dien (2), 3β,19α-dihydroxyurs-13(18)-en-28-oic acid (3), 3β-[(α-L-arabin-opyranosyl) oxy]-28-norurs-12,17-dien (4), and pomolic acid (5). Conclusion: Compounds 1, 3, and 4 are novel compounds belong to triterpenoids and triterpenoid saponins, named as sanguisorbigenins Z, Y1, and Y2, respectively. © 2013 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.
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The method for determining the content of gallic acid and ellagic acid in Granati Pericarpium was established by HPLC. Using the method, the content of raw and charred Granati Pericarpium was determined. By comparison, it was found that the content of gallic acid and ellagic acid increased first and then reduced during processing. When processed on an appropriate degree, the content reached the maximum. The result indicated that gallic acid and ellagic acid can be used as indicators to control the processing degree of charred Granati Pericarpium.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Ellagic Acid , Chemistry , Fruit , Chemistry , Gallic Acid , ChemistryABSTRACT
Astragali Radix was firstly recorded in the "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic" as a top-grade and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Its frequently used slices include raw Astragali Radix and honey-processed products. In current studies, many reports were made on honey-processed Astragali Radix, whereas fewer study reports were made on the cutting process of Astragali Radix. Currently, because Astragali Radix is primarily cut by drug workers according to their operating experience, but with out specific cutting parameters, it is easy to cause the loss or mildew of active ingredients. As a result, the quality of Astragali Radix circulated in the market is not guaranteed, and the quality of their slices and preparations are hard to be controlled, which seriously impact the clinical efficacy. In response, this experiment was performed, in which the optimum cutting process of Astragali Radix was taken as the study objective, the Box-Benhnken central composite design in the response surface analysis was adopted, and the content and appearance character of astragaloside and calycosin-7-glucoside were regarded as the study indicators. Three factors, namely the softening time, the drying temperature and the drying time, were selected to optimize the cutting process of Astragali Radix and obtain the optimum cutting process parameters as follows: the softening time was 3 hours, the drying temperature was 50 degrees C, and the drying time was 4 hours. According to the verification test, the Astragali Radix cutting process is steady and feasible, which has certain significance for normalizing the cutting process of Astragali Radix.
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Astragalus Plant , Chemistry , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical , Methods , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Glucosides , Chemistry , Plant Roots , ChemistryABSTRACT
To study the chemical constituents of Cymbopogon citratus, isolation and purification of constituents were carried out on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and prepatative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified by physicchemical properties and spectral data analysis. Eight compounds were isolated and identified as 3beta-methoxy lanosta-9(11)-en-27-ol (1), 3beta-hydroxylanosta-9 (11)-en (2), (24S) -3beta-methoxylanosta-9(11), 25-dien-24-ol (3), 8-hydroxyl-neo-menthol (4), (2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,7-octadiene-1, 6-diol (5), (+)-citronellol (6), 7-hydroxymenthol (7) and ethyl nonadecanoate(8). Compounds 1 is a new one. Compounds 2-3 are obtained from C. citratus for the first time.
Subject(s)
Cymbopogon , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization , Triterpenes , ChemistryABSTRACT
Twelve compounds were isolated from the rhizome of Paris mairei Lévl by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS col-umn chromatographies. The structure elucidation was accomplished by ESI-MS and NMR methods. These compounds were identified as lupeol(1), lup-20(29) -ene-3β-yl octacosanoate(2), palmitic acid(3), glyceryl α-mono-palmitate(4), α-spinasterol(5), diosgenin (6), (25R) diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1--> 4) -α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 4) - [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 2)] -β-D-glucopyranoside(7), pennogenin(8), pennogenin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 -->3) - [α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 2)] -β-D-glucopyranoside(9), flazin(10), calonysterone(11), and isorhamnetin-3-O-β-gentiobioside(12). Compounds 1-5,10-11 were isolated from the genus Paris for the first time, and all compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Liliaceae , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Rhizome , Chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationABSTRACT
An HPLC fingerprint of pomegranate peel was established. Using chromatographic conditions, we compared the chemical composition of pomegranate peel, inside and seeds, and simultaneously determined the contents of gallic acid and ellagic acid. By comparison, we found that there were no significant differences between pomegranate peel and inside, but there was a big difference between pomegranate seeds and another two. The contents of gallic acid and ellagic acid of pomegranate peel respectively were 0.33%, 0.59%, while in pomegranate inside the result respectively were 0.52%, 0.38%. Content of ellagic acid from pomegranate seeds was only 0.01%. By study, we thought that when pomegranate peel was processed, pomegranate seeds should be removed, while pomegranate inside could be retained on the premise of full drying.
Subject(s)
Ellagic Acid , Gallic Acid , Lythraceae , Chemistry , Seeds , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents from charred Sanguisorbae Radix. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Results: Five compounds were isolated and identified as 3β-hydroxy-28-norurs-17, 19, 21-trien (1), 3β-hydroxy-28- norurs-12, 17-dien (2), 3β-[(α-L-arabinofuranosyl) oxy]-28-norurs-12, 17-dien 3β, 19α-dihydroxyurs-13(18)-en-28-oic acid (3), 3β- [(α-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-28-norurs-12, 17-dien (4), and pomolic acid (5). Conclusion: The compounds 1, 3, and 4 are novel compounds which belong to triterpenoids and triterpenoid saponins, named sanguisorbigenin Z, sanguisorbin Y1, and sanguisorbin Y2, respectively.